Shifting Identities: The Metaphorics of Nature-Culture Dualism in Western and Basque Models of Self
نویسنده
چکیده
The paper is divided into two major parts, preceded by a short introduction. The first section consists of a theoretical discussion that examines the role of the dualist model and its accompanying dichotomous metaphorics in the development of Western ontology, epistemology, and personhood with particular emphasis on the nature/culture and body/mind dyads along with the role played by them as ‘root metaphors’. This section also explores the notion of ‘relational epistemology’, van Dijk’s (2002) Common Ground and Habermas’s (1994) Lebenswelt. The second section of the study deals with the way certain Basque conceptual frames of reference relating to personhood are undergoing change and reorganisation in Euskara, the Basque language, under the influence of the Western modernist model. The goal of the paper is to demonstrate the role that metaphor studies in cognitive linguistics could play in increasing awareness of the linguistically embedded character of this Western ontology ─ the manner in which these habits of thought are deeply imprinted in language. In short, the Western ontology with its nature/culture dichotomy is rendered visible and even exotic, that is, from the perspective of these non-Western relational epistemologies. Der vorliegende Beitrag besteht aus zwei Hauptteilen, denen eine kurze Einführung vorangestellt wird. Im ersten Abschnitt wird im Rahmen theoretischer Überlegungen die Rolle beschrieben, welche das dualistische Modell und die damit einhergehende dichotomische Metaphorik bei der Entwicklung der westlichen Ontologie, Epistemologie und Persönlichkeit (personhood) spielen, wobei den Dichotomien ‘Natur/Kultur’ und ‘Körper/Geist’ sowie der von diesen übernommenen Funktion als Basismetapher (root-metaphor) eine besondere Beachtung zukommen soll. Des Weiteren werden in diesem Abschnitt die Begriffe der ‘relationalen Epistemologie’, van Dijks (2002) Common Ground und Habermas’ (1994) Lebenswelt erläutert. Im zweiten Abschnitt wird dargelegt, wie gewisse baskische conceptual frames bezüglich der Persönlichkeit (personhood) im Euskara, der baskischen Sprache, aufgrund des Einflusses westlicher modernistischer Modelle einem Wandel und einer Neuordnung unterworfen sind. Ziel der Studie ist es, die Rolle aufzuzeigen, die die kognitiv-linguistische Metaphernforschung einnehmen kann, um das Bewusstsein zu schärfen für die sprachliche Einbettung der westlichen Ontologie sowie für die Art und Weise, wie diese Denkgewohnheiten (habits of thought) in der Sprache verankert sind. Zusammenfassend lässt sich festhalten, dass die westliche Ontologie mit ihrer ‘Natur/Kultur’-Dichotomie dort sehr deutlich zum Vorschein kommt und geradezu exotisch erscheint; letzteres insbesondere aus der Perspektive der nicht-westlichen relationalen Epistemologien. metaphorik.de 04/2003 – Frank, Shifting Identities
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